This illustrates an integrated, multi-omics framework that connects genetic variation to complex traits through multiple biological layers. Starting from the genome, genetic variants are linked to molecular and organism-level traits using GWAS/QTL and PheWAS approaches, revealing how DNA differences associate with phenotypes and metabolomic outcomes. These genetic effects propagate through intermediate layers such as the transcriptome and proteome, where e(p)QTL analyses identify how variants in